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over 200 miles above the earth crews

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continually live and work aboard the

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international space station or iss

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a technological marvel the size of a

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football field the station is a

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world-class laboratory where scientific

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research is conducted free from earth's

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gravity

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but we would not be here if not for

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another space station from an earlier

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era

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skylab america's first space station

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launched in 1973

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skylab was a bold adventure taking

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research to new heights influencing how

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we live and work in space today and

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paving the way for our future

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explorations into the solar system three

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skylab crews completed about 300

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experiments to answer questions about

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our planet our universe and living in

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space

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the variety of disciplines included

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human physiology

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science

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technology demonstration

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skylab was america's first foray into

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microgravity-based scientific and

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technological research and was an

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important stepping stone for the design

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construction operation and utilization

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on board the iss scientists use more

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advanced technology a foundation of

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knowledge and more time to expand upon

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of all the questions asked on skylab one

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of the most important was how long can

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humans live in space

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the skylab astronauts lost body mass and

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bone mineral density due to the lack of

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loading in the microgravity environment

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today studies on iss have shown that

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sufficient resistive exercise and proper

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nutrition can maintain bone density on

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long duration space flights

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as medical technologies have advanced on

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earth

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so has our ability to understand the

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changes that occur in astronauts during

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skylab had its own factory on board

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proving materials processing experiments

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could be conducted in space

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in the microgravity environment aboard

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the iss

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scientists study crystal growth and

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fluid physics processes without buoyancy

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driven convection or sedimentation to

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distort structures

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these studies lead to lighter stronger

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alloys better medications and longer

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one of the greatest scientific legacies

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of skylab were the astronomical

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observations

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made from the apollo telescope mount

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this instrument rack kept skylab's array

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of eight solar telescopes pointed at the

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sun during a period of extraordinary

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high activity

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skylab studies of our sun gave us new

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insights into the basic processes of

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solar behavior changing the course of

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modern solar physics

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skylab astronaut ed gibson even filmed

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the birth of a solar flare from space

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the first such recording in history

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the ability of the skylab crew and

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scientists on the ground to react

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quickly to unexpected occurrences

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greatly enhanced the scientific bounty

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from skylab and was powerful evidence of

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the value of humans and machines working

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together in space

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today spectrophotometers mounted on the

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outside of iss measure solar irradiance

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the energy from the sun that reaches

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earth

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this is of importance to both

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earth-based and space-borne

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communication systems as well as to our

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the skylab crew took more than 40 000

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photographs of the earth of value to

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those involved in improvements of

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agriculture and forestry geological

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applications

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studies of the oceans

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coastal zones continental water

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resources investigations of atmospheric

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phenomena regional planning and

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development

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sensing techniques

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since the first mission to the iss over

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12 years ago over 1 million photographs

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have been taken of our home planet

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there are also specialized cameras such

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as the hyperspectral imager for the

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coastal ocean which separates light into

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hundreds of wavelength channels

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revealing information about the

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composition and quality of water and

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if we are going to live long term in

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space we need to maintain astronaut

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health

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studies begun on sky lab led to more

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advanced investigations today

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ultrasound training methods developed

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for use on iss have been used by the

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american college of surgeons to teach

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imaging techniques to doctors

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these techniques have applications for

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diagnosis of injuries and illness in

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remote locations on earth

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including disaster areas and war zones

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in an experiment proposed by a high

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school student spiders named arabella

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and anita were brought to skylab at

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first they had difficulty spinning webs

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but when they became acclimated to the

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space environment they spun webs closely

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resembling those that they had spun on

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earth

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this prompted scientist astronaut owen

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garriott to observe that the spiders had

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learned very rapidly in microgravity

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without the benefit of any previous

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experience

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recently a high school student

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experiment on iss demonstrated that

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jumping spiders could also adapt to the

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microgravity environment and continue to

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the pioneering crews the operations

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teams on the ground and the scientists

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of skylab set the stage for the work

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conducted today on the international

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space station

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[Music]

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on board scientific research continues

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to benefit all of humanity and prepares

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us for further exploration in space

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but all future journeys will harken back

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to skylab when we first took that long

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voyage off our planet seeking answers

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and overcoming the challenges of space